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Negative Oceanic Heat Flux as a Cause of Water-Mass Formation
Negative Oceanic Heat Flux Water-Mass Formation
2009/4/3
Regions of large (>60 kcal cm−2 year−1) net annual heat flux from the oceans to the atmosphere are found only on the western sides of Northern Hemisphere oceans and in the Norwegian Sea, a...
Winter Circulation in the Western Gulf of Maine：Part 1. Cooling and Water Mass Formation
Winter Circulation Western Gulf Water Mass Formation
2009/2/23
The mean circulation on the northeast continental shelf in the region of the Gulf of Mexico is discussed in terms of a simple box model, based on volume transports and mean salinities estimated from e...
On Lateral Water Mass Interaction—A Case Study, Bristol Bay, Alaska
Lateral Water Mass Interaction Bristol Bay Alaska
2009/2/13
Salinity-temperature-depth data obtained on several spring and summer cruises during 1976 and 1977 from outer Bristol Bay in the southeast Bering Sea indicate the existence of a zone, between two well...
Mixing and Water-Mass Formation in the Australian Subantarctic
Water-Mass Formation Australian Subantarctic
2009/2/10
A cruise south of eastern Australia confirmed the formation of a Subantarctic Mode Water type in late winter on the equatorward side of the Subantarctic Front. This water type, mixed with the winter s...
Water-Mass Distributions at Intermediate Layers off the Somali Coast during the Onset of the Southwest Monsoon, 1979
Water-Mass Distributions Intermediate Layers Somali Coast
2009/2/8
Hydrographic observations at intermediate depth in the Somali Basin have been made during and after the transition from the northeast monsoon to the southwest monsoon, 1979. The data are discussed in ...
Development of Near-Surface Flow Pattern and Water Mass Distribution in the Somali Basin in Response to the Southwest Monsoon of 1979
Somali Current East African Coastal Current East African Coastal Current
2009/2/6
Near-surface observations of temperature, salinity and current are used to describe the seasonal reversal of the Somali Current during 1979, in response to the onset of the southwest monsoon winds. Du...
Water-Mass and Transport Variability at 110°W in the Equatorial Pacific
North Equatorial Countercurrent Northern Subsurface Countercurrent empirical orthogonal function
2009/1/22
An analysis of nine hydrographic sections collected in 1979–81 along 110°W in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is presented. Sections typically sampled the upper 500 m of the water column from 10°N to 3°S...
The Relative Roles of Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing on Subsurface Water Mass Conversion
Isopycnal Mixing Fluid motion Subsurface Water Mass Conversion
2009/1/21
Fluid motion in the sea is known to occur predominantly along quasi-horizontal neutral surfaces but the very small diapycnal (i.e., across isopycnal) velocities often make a significant contribution t...
Poleward heat transport by the own implies warm Water mass formation, i.e., the retention by the tropical and subtropical ocean of some of its net radiant heat gain. Under what condition net heat rete...
Water Mass Structure during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment
local Dynamics Experiment Water Mass Structure
2009/1/10
The seven intensive hydrographic surveys of temperature, salinity and oxygen of the POLYMODE local Dynamics Experiment (LDE) (15 May–15 July 1978) were carded out in a 200 km-wide octagonal region cen...
An Event in Water Exchange between Continental Shelf and the Kuroshio off Southern Japan：Lagrangian Tracking of a Low-Salinity Water Mass on the Kuroshio
Water Exchange Continental Shelf Low-Salinity Water Mass Kuroshio
2009/1/7
Low-salinity water masses were occasionally observed in spring and summer on the surface of the Kuroshio, south of Japan. Many of the masses were accompanied by excessive discharge of fresh water from...
The Relationship between Water Mass Formation and the Surface Buoyancy Flux, with Application to Phillips’ Red Sea Model
Water Mass Formation Surface Buoyancy Flux Red Sea Model
2008/12/12
A buoyancy flux across the sea surface between the outcropping of isopycnals must be balanced by a subsurface diapycnal buoyancy flux. If this flux were only advective, its derivative with respect to ...
The Subtropical/Subpolar Gyre Exchange in the Presence of Annually Migrating Wind and a Meandering Jet：Water Mass Exchange
mean Lagrangian transport Water Mass Exchange Annually Migrating Wind
2008/12/3
A simple barotropic double gyre–jet ocean circulation model is developed, driven by surface wind. The model consists of a subtropical gyre in the south and a subpolar gyre in the north and a meanderin...
The Adriatic Sea General Circulation. Part I: Air–Sea Interactions and Water Mass Structure
modified Levantine Intermediate Water Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set Water Mass Structure
2008/11/26
A comprehensive historical hydrographic dataset for the overall Adriatic Sea basin is analyzed in order to define the open ocean seasonal climatology of the basin. The authors also define the regional...
Antarctic Intermediate Water Mass Formation in Ocean General Circulation Models
Antarctic Intermediate Water Mass Formation Ocean General Circulation Models
2008/7/25
Antarctic Intermediate Water is formed at the high midlatitudes of the Southern Ocean. In many ocean general circulation model simulations with coarse resolution and a z coordinate, a middepth salinit...