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Purpose: Slight physiological differences between acute exposure in normobaric hypoxia (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) have been reported. Taken together, these differences suggest different physiolog...
Background: Many human studies report that nitric oxide (NO) improves sport performance. This is because NO is a potential modulator of blood flow, muscle energy metabolism, and mitochondrial respira...
The purpose of this study was to examine the ergogenic benefits of Turkish coffee consumed an hour before exercise. In addition, metabolic, cardiovascular, and subjective measures of energy, focus an...
We investigated the effects of menstrual cycle phase and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on immune response during endurance exercise at 30°C. Six healthy women completed 4 trials comprising 90 min of cy...
In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, 13 male cyclists (26 ± 10 y, 71 ± 9 kg, 176 ± 6 cm) were randomized into 2 groups and received caffeine (CAF) ...
Sodium ingestion during exercise may exert beneficial effects on endurance performance by either its ability to attenuate the decrease in plasma volume or reduce the risk of Exercise Associated Hypona...
Hypohydration and hyperthermia are factors that may contribute to fatigue and impairment of endurance performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining glycerol ...
Under these experimental conditions, liquid C+P ingestion immediately after exercise increases fat oxidation, increases recovery, and improves subsequent same day, 60 min efforts relative to isoener...
This study investigated the effects of three doses of sodium phosphate (SP) supplementation on cycling 500 kJ (119.5 Kcal) time trial (TT) performance in female cyclists.
Purpose: For the first time, we investigated the effects of altering cellular metabolic capacitance, via a 5-d creatine (Cr) loading protocol (20 g·d−1), on oxygen uptake (V˙O2), accumulated oxy...
Background: β2-agonists are on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s list of prohibited substances; however, athletes are allowed to treat symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with a maximal dail...
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of heat acclimatization on performance and pacing during outdoor cycling time trials (TT, 43.4 km) in the heat. Methods: Nine cyclists performed thr...
The very elegant study by Racinais et al. (6) shows for the first time that at least one outcome of heat acclimatization is altered pacing strategy. A key finding from their Figure 1 was the attenuate...
Loss of fluid during prolonged exercise has been purported to be a cause of fatigue (Below et al., 1995; Walsh et al., 1994, for example). A plethora of information regarding ‘optimal’ fluid replace...
This study examined the effect of 6 days of sodium phosphate (SP) (50 mg·kg·FFM-1·day-1) or placebo (PL) supplementation in trained cyclists on either 100 kJ (23.9 Kcal) (~3-4 min) or 250 kJ (59...

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