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Natural Kindness
natural kinds homeostatic property cluster kinds HPC stability biological kinds projectibility
2016/6/15
Philosophers have long been interested in a series of interrelated questions about natural kinds. What are they? What role do they play in science and metaphysics? How do they contribute to our episte...
Putting Process and Product Conceptions of Natural Selection and Genetic Drift to the Test
natural selection genetic drift process product outcome causation
2016/6/15
This paper argues for two claims. First, despite a persistent appearance to the contrary in the philosophy of biology literature, the question of whether natural selection and genetic drift should be ...
Natural Selection and Causal Productivity
Stuart Glennan Wesley Salmon natural selection causal production mark transmission individuality reductionism causal process causal propagation populations population level
2016/6/15
In the recent philosophical literature, two questions have arisen concerning the status of natural selection: 1) Is it a population-level phenomenon, or is it an organism-level phenomenon? 2) Is it a ...
Teleología Naturalizada:Los conceptos de funcion,aptitud y adaptacion en la Teoría de la Seleccion Natural (Naturalized Teleology:The concepts of function,fitness and adaptation in Natural Selection Theory)
adaptación aptitud diseno funcion teleología Teoria de la Selección Natural adaptation design fitness function teleology Natural Selection Theory
2016/6/12
En la Teoría de la Selección Natural, el concepto de función biológica debe suponerse para delimitar el concepto de aptitud; y éste debe suponerse para delimitar el concepto de adaptación y también pa...
Time in the theory of relativity:on natural clocks,proper time,the clock hypothesis,and all that
relativity Einstein natural clock atomic clock proper time clock hyothesis
2016/6/12
When addressing the notion of proper time in the theory of relativity, it is usually taken for granted that the time read by an accelerated clock is given by the Minkowski proper time. However, there ...
From Survivors to Replicators:Evolution by Natural Selection Revisited
Evolution by natural selection Replicator individual-based models Natural selection Diachronic
2016/6/12
For evolution by natural selection to occur it is classically admitted that the three ingredients ofcvariation, difference in fitness and heredity are necessary and sufficient. In this paper, I show u...
How to read “heritability” in the recipe approach to natural selection
heritability recipe approach natural selection
2016/6/12
There are two ways evolution by natural selection (ENS) is conceptualized in the literature. One provides a ‘recipe’ for ENS incorporating three ingredients: variation, differences in fitness and heri...
Broken Mechanisms:Function,Pathology,and Natural Selection
Mechanism Function Pathology Natural Selection
2016/5/30
The following describes one distinct sense of ‘mechanism’ which is prevalent in biology and biomedicine and which has important epistemic benefits. According to this sense, mechanisms are defined by t...
THE NATURAL AMBIGUITY OF THE NOTION OF ‘NATURAL’,AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT
fact value adaptation microchip natural laws natural
2016/5/30
In this paper I will explore the ramification of the distinction between fact and values in order to show that human values enter in various ways in both science and (nano)technologies without violati...
Foundation for a Natural Right to Health Care
Natural law Thomas Aquinas Martha Nussbaum Right to Health Care
2014/11/17
Discussions concerning whether there is a natural right to health care may occur in various forms, resulting in policy recommendations for how to implement any such right in a given society. But healt...
Defining dysfunction: natural selection, design, and drawing a line
Biology Diagnosis Distribution Function Tests Medicine Natural Selection Probability Theory Teleology Variation
2014/11/17
Accounts of the concepts of function and dysfunction have not adequately explained what factors determine the line between low-normal function and dysfunction. I call the challenge of doing so the lin...
Self-Knowledge in a Natural World
authority belief first-person naturalism self-knowledge
2014/11/10
In this dissertation, I reconcile our knowledge of our own minds with philosophical naturalism. Philosophers traditionally hold that our knowledge of our own minds is especially direct and authoritati...
How Do Natural Selection and Random Drift Interact?
"natural selection" fitness probability drift
2011/9/6
One controversy about the existence of so called evolutionary forces such as natural selection and random genetic drift concerns the sense in which such "forces" can be said to interact. In this paper...
Richard Hooker's Discourse On Natural Law In The Context Of The Magisterial Reformation1
Richard Hooker Natural Law Magisterial Reformation1
2009/12/3
Richard Hooker's theory of natural law has long been the subject of controversy. In his
famous pulpit exchange with the eminent Puritan divine Walter Travers in the Temple
Church at the Inns of Cour...
In Defiance of Natural Order:The origins of “transhuman” techno-utopia
transhuman techno-utopia
2009/11/27
The notion that human beings are themselves getting better is quite
obviously wrong. The quality of human beings is declining, even while
the web of man’s infrastructure grows around him. Modern man...