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Performance-related Funding of Universities: Does More Competition Lead to Grade Inflation?
grade inflation higher education funding university competition
2012/10/22
German universities are regarded as being under-financed, inefficient, and performing below average if compared to universities in other European countries and the US. Starting in the 1990s, several G...
Can Higher Bonuses Lead to Less Effort? Incentive Reversal in Teams
incentives incentive reversal team production externalities laboratory experiments personnel economics
2012/11/1
Conventional wisdom suggests that an increase in monetary incentives should induce agents to exert higher effort. In this paper, however, we demonstrate that this may not hold in team settings. In the...
The B.C. Health Services and Support Decision--The Constitutionalization of a Right to Bargain Collectively in Canada:Where Did It Come From and Where Will It Lead?
B.C. Health Services Support Decision Bargain Collectively in Canada
2009/11/6
Just a few weeks after the 25th anniversary of the Canadian Charter of
Rights and Freedoms, the Supreme Court of Canada rendered its decision in
Health Services and Support—Facilities Subsector Barg...
Ambivalent Feelings About Parenthood May Lead To Inconsistent Contraceptive Use—and Pregnancy
Parenthood Pregnancy Contraceptive Use Ambivalent Feelings
2009/9/15
This essay is a commentary on a Research Note by James Trussell, Barbara Vaughn and Joseph Stanford entitled "Are All Contraceptive Failures Unintended Pregnancies? Evidence from the 1995 National Sur...
Will Population Ageing Necessarily Lead to an Increase in the Number of Persons with Disabilities? Alternative Scenarios for the European Union
Population Ageing European Union Disabilities
2009/3/13
There is a widespread expectation that the combination of significant population ageing in Europe over the coming decades, along with the fact that the elderly are more likely to have disabilities, wi...
The Low Fertility Trap Hypothesis：Forces that May Lead to Further Postponement and Fewer Births in Europe
Low Fertility Trap Hypothesis Fewer Births Europe
2009/3/12
This paper starts from the assessment that there is no good theory in the social sciences that would tell us whether fertility in low-fertility countries is likely to recover in the future, stay aroun...
Lead Water Pipes and Infant Mortality at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Lead Water Pipes Infant Mortality Twentieth Century
2016/3/7
In 1897, about half of all American municipalities used lead pipes to distribute water. Employing data from Massachusetts, this paper compares infant death rates in cities that used lead water pipes t...
March 20, 2007，Northumbria is one of the first universities in the UK to use an online voting and counting system for their annual Students’ Union Executive elections.